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51.
Winston Harrington Alan J. Krupnick 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1061-1067
A CHESS data base from Chattanooga, Tennessee was thoroughly scrutinized and found to be of high enough quality to warrant epidemiological analysis. Using this data base, the relationship between NO2 ambient pollution levels and acute respiratory disease in children was examined. Although a statistically significant relationship was found, it was not monotonic. Indeed, over the range of pollution values experiences, more illness is associated with low pollution values than with high ones. A U-shaped relationship between illness and NO2 concentrations was found in several subpopulations in addition to the entire data set, although for some subpopulations no relationship was found. In contrast, higher ambient sulfate levels were found to have a positive effect on acute respiratory disease incidence in children over the entire period and for different subsamples, although this effect was not significant for either season analyzed separately. 相似文献
52.
James Flynn Barry Lefer Bernhard Rappenglück Michael Leuchner Ryan Perna Jack Dibb Luke Ziemba Casey Anderson Jochen Stutz William Brune Xinrong Ren Jingqiu Mao Winston Luke Jennifer Olson Gao Chen James Crawford 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(33):4126-4133
A radiative transfer model and photochemical box model are used to examine the effects of clouds and aerosols on actinic flux and photolysis rates, and the impacts of changes in photolysis rates on ozone production and destruction rates in a polluted urban environment like Houston, Texas. During the TexAQS-II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project the combined cloud and aerosol effects reduced j(NO2) photolysis frequencies by nominally 17%, while aerosols reduced j(NO2) by 3% on six clear sky days. Reductions in actinic flux due to attenuation by clouds and aerosols correspond to reduced net ozone formation rates with a nearly one-to-one relationship. The overall reduction in the net ozone production rate due to reductions in photolysis rates by clouds and aerosols was approximately 8 ppbv h?1. 相似文献
53.
Prakash Doraiswamy Christian Hogrefe Winston Hao Robert F. Henry Kevin Civerolo Jia-Yeong Ku Gopal Sistla James J. Schwab Kenneth L. Demerjian 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(36):5759-5770
This study compares speciated model-predicted concentrations (i.e., mixing ratios) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with measurements from the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) network at sites within the northeastern US during June–August of 2006. Measurements of total non-methane organic compounds (NMOC), ozone (O3), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and reactive nitrogen species (NOy) are used for supporting analysis. The measured VOC species were grouped into the surrogate classes used by the Carbon Bond IV (CB4) chemical mechanism. It was found that the model typically over-predicted all the CB4 VOC species, except isoprene, which might be linked to overestimated emissions. Even with over-predictions in the CB4 VOC species, model performance for daily maximum O3 was typically within ±15%. Analysis at an urban site in NY, where both NMOC and NOx data were available, suggested that the reasonable ozone performance may be possibly due to compensating overestimated NOx concentrations, thus modulating the NMOC/NOx ratio to be in similar ranges as that of observations. 相似文献
54.
Steven Brooks Winston Luke Mark Cohen Paul Kelly Barry Lefer Bernhard Rappenglück 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(33):4045-4055
Atmospheric mercury speciation was monitored within Houston, Texas, USA, August 6–October 14, 2006 as part of the TexAQS Radical and Aerosol Measurement Program (TRAMP). On average, all mercury levels were significantly elevated compared to a rural Gulf of Mexico coastal site. Concentrations varied from very clean to very dirty. Multi-day periods of stagnant or low-wind conditions brought elevated concentrations of all mercury species, whereas multi-day periods of strong winds, particularly southerly winds off the Gulf of Mexico, brought very low values of mercury species. Over the entire mercury measurement period, the daily averages of mercury species showed distinct and consistent relationships with the average planetary boundary layer dynamics, with gaseous elemental and particulate-bound mercury near-surface concentrations enhanced by a shallow nocturnal boundary layer, and reactive gaseous mercury concentration enhanced by midday convective boundary layer air entrainment transporting air aloft to the surface. Mercury concentrations were not significantly correlated with known products of combustion, likely indicating non-combustion mercury sources from the Houston area petrochemical complexes. On the morning of August 31, 2006 an observed emission event at a refinery complex on the Houston Ship Channel resulted in extremely high concentrations of aerosol mass and particulate-bound mercury at the TRAMP measurement site 20 km downwind. 相似文献
55.
Kebonye Ndiye M. Eze Peter N. John Kingsley Agyeman Prince C. Němeček Karel Borůvka Luboš 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(2):369-385
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Environmental pollution by potentially toxic element (PTE) and the associated health risks in humans are increasingly becoming a global challenge. The... 相似文献
56.
Vitenu-Sackey Prince Asare Acheampong Theophilus 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(58):87426-87445
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examines the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and ecological innovation on carbon (CO2) emissions in a panel of 18... 相似文献
57.
INTRODUCTION: To examine the association between child passenger injury risk, restraint use, and crash time (day vs. night) for children in crashes of vehicles driven by teenage versus adult drivers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving telephone interviews with insured drivers in a probability sample of 6,184 crashes involving 10,028 children. RESULTS: Child passengers in teen nighttime crashes had an increased injury risk and an increased risk of restraint nonuse compared with those in teen daytime crashes. This increased injury risk can be explained by differences in the age of child passengers, collision type, and child passenger's restraint status associated with time of day. CONCLUSIONS: In order to limit the risk of injury to child passengers driven by teens, Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws should include provisions restricting nighttime driving, as well as mandates for age-appropriate restraint for child passengers. Consideration should also be given for education in child passenger safety for novice teen drivers as part of the licensing process. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Results of this study can be used to support advocacy efforts by the automotive industry and others to promote nighttime driving restrictions on novice drivers. In addition, given that both driver groups were more likely to be involved in a single-vehicle collision during the night, technologies such as electronic stability control may offer opportunities for protection. Further reseach on specific circumstances of teen nighttime crashes is needed to inform industry efforts to improve visibility or vehicle operation under poor lighting conditions. 相似文献
58.
P. M. Abou-Sleiman A. Apessos J. C. Harper P. Serhal R. M. L. Winston J. D. A. Delhanty 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(6):519-524
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a dominantly inherited cancer predisposition syndrome that is caused bymutations in the NF2 gene. We report here the first clinical preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) forNF2. A protocol was developed to simultaneously amplify the mutation and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located within the gene. The mutation and polymorphism were analysed by simultaneous fluorescent single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) on an automated DNA sequencer. The mutation, carried by the male partner, was a single base pair substitution affecting a splice site in intron 4 of the gene. The female partner was infertile due to polycystic ovary syndrome and would require IVF to conceive. The couple was found to be informative at a linked intragenic SNP situated in the 5′ untranslated region of the gene. The SNP was included in the assay to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis due to allele dropout (ADO). The couple underwent three cycles of treatment during which a total of 43 blastomeres were biopsied from 31 embryos. Amplification at both loci was obtained in 35 cells (81%). A total of five embryos were transferred, two in the first cycle, two in the second and one in the third. No pregnancy ensued. The results of the diagnoses indicated that, in this couple, the inheritance of the mutation may be non-Mendelian. Out of a total of 32 embryos tested only four were found not to carry the mutation. The reasons for this apparent skew remain unknown. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
59.
The hawksbill marine turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is listed on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered but little is known about its demography to support robust diagnosis
of population trends. Moreover, adult female hawksbills do not nest each year due to environmentally mediated physiological
constraints and this skipped breeding behaviour presents a major challenge in data collection and for estimating demographic
parameters from such data sets. We estimated demographic parameters such as survival and breeding probabilities for a major
Indo-Pacific nesting hawksbill population using a capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study and a multistate open robust design statistical
modelling approach, which accounts for breeding omission and the staggered arrival and departure of nesters during each season.
Our study used CMR histories for 413 nesting hawksbills tagged on Varanus Island (Western Australia) over a 4-month sampling
period each year for 20 austral summer nesting seasons between 1987 and 2007. The estimated annual survival probability for
these nesting hawksbills was constant over the 20 years at ca. 0.947 (95% CI: 0.91–0.97), which is encouragingly high for
a population associated with industry. The estimated annual conditional nesting (breeding) probability for female hawksbills
that had skipped the previous nesting season was time-specific ranging from 0.07 to 0.29 (mean = 0.18, CV = 41.3%), which
presumably reflects the interaction between turtle physiology and in-water habitat quality. The mean conditional probability
of breeding again having skipped 2 prior consecutive nesting seasons was ca. 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73–0.89), indicating a high frequency
of breeding season omission. The annual nesting probability for females that had nested the previous season was 0, reflecting
known obligate skipped breeding (reproductive omission) that is characteristic of hawksbill populations in response to high
energy demands of vitellogenesis and breeding migration. These are the first estimates of annual survival and state-dependent
breeding probabilities for any Indo-Pacific hawksbill stock that provide a basis for developing a better understanding of
regional population dynamics for this critically endangered species. 相似文献
60.
Yamagishi Kafferine Ocampo Lanndon Abellana Dharyll Prince Tanaid Reciel Ann Tiu Ann Myril Medalla Maria Esther Selerio Egberto Go Chrisalyn Olorvida Rey Cesar Maupo Amalia Maskariño Dearielyn Tantoo Emilyn 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(10):14998-15030
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The current literature has espoused the role of social media platforms in promoting tourism destinations. Despite such advances, limited works are... 相似文献